Incorporating Maori Values into Health and Social Care

Incorporating Maori Values into Health and Social Care Assessment Task 1 The Treaty of Waitangi or Tiriti o Waitangi is a written agreement signed on 6th of February 1840 between the British Crown and more than 500 Maori chiefs in Waitangi, New Zealand to negotiate sovereignty of New Zealand and to establish a British colony. The Treaty of Waitangi was intended to be a partnership between Maori and the British Crown. Even though it was aimed at creating unity, it caused conflict due to different understandings and breaches of the treaty. There are two versions of the treaty, the Maori version and the English version though the English text is not a direct translation of the Maori text so difficulties arise in interpretation. Both versions of the treaty represent consensus between Maori and the British Crown the right to govern and to establish a British settlement, while the British Crown assured to Maori full rights as a citizen and protection of all their assets and interests. In 1840, Maori chiefs decided for or against signing the treaty on the basis of its Maori text and after thinking about numerous considerations. The chiefs wanted regulated settlement and support in managing settlers and land sales. Commerce and cash income from employment would bring benefits to Maori communities. The new relationship between Maori and the British Crown would also enable them to avoid warfare between tribes that had intensified in previous decades. There are four principles of the treaty namely Partnership, Protection, Participation, and Permission. Partnership is the union and alliance with good and honest intent between Maori and the British crown to achieve a common goal. To ensure that Maori have rangatiratanga rights over their toanga (land, resources, language, knowledge, and other aspects of way of life of Maori), Maori leaders have to be consulted when organisational policies are discussed. In social services, organisations should make sure that the needs of Maori are of priority when taking part in creating policies that could affect Maori. Protection is allowing Maori to exercise Tino Rangatiratanga over their taonga (land, resources, language, knowledge, and other aspects of way of life of Maori) and they should benefit and enjoy from these. In social services, Maori way of life to enjoy their taonga must be respected. Maori have the right to make choices with regard to their culture which aligns with tika and kawa, traditions, customs, and practices. Participation is the involvement of Maori and the British Crown in the service accessibility, not only for Pakeha but for Maori as well. Not segregating the Maori from Pakeha but allowing the Maori to take part in social services that they enjoy together with Pakeha or other ethnicities. In social services, Maori have the right to participate in making decisions regarding their health and well being or Hauora and to have meaningful ways in decision making on how health services should be delivered for their well-being. Permission is the freedom of Maori to exercise his rights to speak Te Reo Maori and to be involved in any Maori spiritual or cultural rites, practices, or beliefs. In social services, it is important that Maori are allowed to speak their own language to express their insights better and to not feel unimportant. The four principles of the Treaty of Waitangi is the basis for social workers when delivering social services to Maori. Examples include consulting and discussing with whanau the support for clients from residential placement to maintain positive changes as a result of residential care placement, working together with whanau to understand cultural needs, allowing the whanau to make decisions that are in their best interest to maintain self determination and promote empowerment, and incorporating kawa and tikanga on how social services are delivered. Task 2 Summary of reason for family meeting or whanau hui A family meeting was held to discuss the possibility of a child to be admitted to an alternative care placement The child’s parents have alcohol and illicit drug use issues The parents are domestically violent toward each other and at times to the child Placement Diary Meetings and Communication Date Notes/Key points 26/02/2015 Referral forms were reviewed and explained to whanau An initial assessment was performed The child was identified as being at risk 27/02/2015 Appropriate services were identified and discussed with the whanau Notes/key points of how you perceived and recorded the referral. What service provider guidelines did you follow? Consent from parents and whanau were obtained before acting on the referral. Consent can be withdrawn at any time. All referrals were recorded in the database. An immediate safety check using the information provided by the referrer within 24 hours of receiving the referral was completed. Notes/key points of how you assessed the referral for relevance to the service provider. The referrals coming to the social service provider was assessed to find out if they were relevant to the services offered by the organisation. When deemed relevant, it was accepted. When referrals are assessed as not relevant to the service provider, it will be handed over to other service providers with appropriate services that cater to the needs of the client. This must be with the whanau’s approval and consultation. The referral was relevant to Child, Youth, and Family as a provider as it is the organisation responsible in dealing with child protection. Notes/key points of how you processed the referral through the service provider systems. What service provider guidelines did you follow? All information required were recorded using forms and in the system. The referral was forwarded to a social worker. Other notes/reflections on the referral process Accurate record was kept during theprocess, recording any actions taken, reasons and any other details. The information went to the appropriate social worker. Task 3 Placement Diary Coordination of planning for the family meeting Date Notes/Key points 05/03/2015 The child’s parents were phoned to establish details of whanau hui that need to be involved in the whanau hui The kaumatua and other leaders were contacted and identified 06/03/2015 All other participants who were not able to attend the meeting initially were followed up How did you identify the key members of the whanau? Briefly list the key members The key members of the whanau were identified through introduction. It was determined that Uncle S. is a kaumatua and he then introduced Auntie C. who is going to be a part of the hui. The parents of the child were also introduced to me and other members of the team. Uncle S. Auntie C. Auntie N. T.C. A.W. Who is the facilitator for the meeting/hui and how was this person identified? The facilitator of the whanau hui was Uncle S. together with the lead social worker. He was chosen as the facilitator of the whanau hui having the experience in making wise decisions during meetings in the past. He is also a kaumatua that members of the whanau will respect and listen to. If there were people unable to attend, summarise the information you provided to the facilitator on their behalf â€Å"A whanau hui is required to talk about the possibility of a child to be admitted to an alternative care facility. The child’s parents are incapable of looking after the child. The parents are alcoholic and illicit drug users. The parents also do not hold permanent employment sustainable for the child’s welfare. It is then deemed necessary to ensure the child’s safety and wellbeing.† If there were participants who had essential information for the meeting/hui, how did you identify these people to the facilitator? The participants with essential information for the whanau hui were given the chance to give details for the smooth flow of the hui. How did you notify the plan for the meeting/hui to members of the whanau and any other attendees? Details were sent via email. All attendees were phoned to confirm receipt and to confirm their attendance at the hui. Other notes/reflection on the planning process All whanau members were supportive of the family meeting. They wanted to attend to find the best outcome for the child Task 4 Placement Diary Coordination of welcome and hospitality Date Notes/Key points 12/03/2015 Powhiri was performed. Dietary requirements of all participants were gathered, including allergies, vegan diet alternatives, and others. The agenda was prepared in advance and distributed to all attendees. A karakia was said before the meeting and kai 13/03/2015 Everybody was updated The service provider’s database was updated. What cultural forms of welcome were required and who was responsible for these? Powhiri the host of the marae, usually the kaumatua, was responsible in carrying out the process of powhiri together with other leaders in the marae. This is to welcome me, as a student, and for me to be able to be a part of the whanau hui. Mihi all participants of the whanau hui were responsible for the mihi, and also to share their pepeha. Karanga the host of the marae, kaumatua and leaders, will lead the karanga. Karakia The kaumatua led the karakia before the hui, and also before the kai. Kai I took all the participants’ dietary requirements for the kai and gave it to the kitchen for the preparation of food. What resources did you arrange? The resources I arranged include the venue for the hui. The participants’ dietary requirements were also taken into consideration when planning for the menu for kai. How did you carry out the coordination of the whanau hui in line with criteria? Adhering to the principle of the Treaty of Waitangi namely participation, protection, partnership, and permission. The confidentiality of the meeting participants were protected and respected. The policies and procedures of the service provider was followed and adhered to at all times. Focusing primarily on the safety and wellbeing of the child. Other notes/reflections Working with other members of the extended family helped me to understand more on their culture and their way of living. Working with the kaumatua and other leaders in the marae provided me an opportunity to work in partnership with other key people in coordinating whanau meetings and this will help me to facilitate meetings easily in the future. Task 5 The four principles of Treaty of Waitangi were applied in the social services during coordinating whanau hui. Social work practice respects the Maori way of life. I provided culturally suitable and safe practice when working with the client and other key people during the whanau hui planning. They were allowed to practice their values, beliefs, customs, and to speak Te Reo during the delivery of service. The Maori models of health and well-being, such as Te Whare Tapa Wha, were used while engaging the client and the whanau with the service. The social services were non-biased, non-judgmental, and non-prejudiced. I had to understand the client and the whanau rather than judging them. I was also sensitive when providing services to prevent whakama which in turn helped me to gain the person’s trust and respect. A clear boundary of professionalism was determined while the client and the whanau accessed the social services offered by the organisation. The social services were made accessible to all cultures including the client’s and whanau’s that suits their Maori culture having their unique needs. I demonstrated high regard in respecting the dignity of all participants in whanau hui who accessed the services of the organisation. The participants were informed of their rights and to practice their rights whenever they have to. All participants’ confidentiality and safety were the organisation’s priority during the whanau hui process.

To what extent do Contemporary Sociologists see the Modern Family as a Haven from the Outside World?

Until recently, sociological studies of the family have concentrated upon the role of the family within society. Contemporary sociologists however have shown an increasing interest in the emotional relationships within the family unit. This is an important issue in sociology when looking at the role of the family, as the family is the only institution in society providing affection and emotional support. There is no other specialised unit that does this. Most sociological perspectives view the family as a haven, compensating individuals for the harsh, cruel and potentially psychologically damaging reality of the outside world. The view that the family is a haven is mainly from a functionalist perspective. Marxists agree to a lesser extent whilst feminists certainly oppose such views. There are traditional views on the family like that of Talcott Parsons', and critics of this view who view the family as a prison, such as Morgan, and feminist Anne Oakley. Perhaps the most famous theory of the family is the view held by functionalist sociologist Talcott Parsons. He argues that the family performs two roles, the primary socialisation of children, and the stabilisation of adult personalities therefore agreeing with the idea that the family is a haven from the outside world. He states that people have an inborn need to be loved and cared for and now traditional communities and kinship networks of the early 20th Century have given way to isolated nuclear families, people are more dependent on the emotional support within that family unit. Other functionalists support this view. Goode, for example, saw the family as being a place where a person could be treated as an individual compensating for the stresses of a non-personal modern society. Fletcher argued that a conjugal family was important as it depended upon emotional factors such as intimacy, closeness and intensity. Although the marriage rate is descending, the number of people choosing instead to cohabitate has increased. Few Marxists view the family as being a haven. Those that do, make a similar argument to functionalists. Hunt and Hunt, in their study â€Å"panacea for Capitalism† constructed the argument that love, and family, provides a panacea, a cure-all, for the harsh realities of a capitalist society. The family, being an institution that changes in response to other sections of society, would change with the development of capitalism, thus the family becomes more important to its members as capitalism develops. Dorothy Smith, also a Marxist views the family as a haven in which to be free from surveillance, a place to organise our own lives without having to follow rules laid down by someone else. Marxists who view the family as a haven argue that this is a challenge to capitalist society. The family is also viewed as a prison. Functionalist sociologist Morgan concentrated upon the dysfunctions of the family and found that two factors prevented the family from being a haven: Class differences within society means those who are well off can enjoy and take full advantage of what society has to offer. Those further down the social scale often find society opposing their interests. Life ends up as a struggle, which in turn leads to stresses and strains within the family. Morgan also argued that even within the family inequalities exist. Family members have their own interests and aspirations. â€Å"For whom is the family functional? † asks Morgan. It is usually the male head of the household who is well served by the functions of the family. Marxists also state that the family should not have to be seen as a haven from a capitalist society, that capitalism takes creativity and affection out of society, and steals away opportunities for personal growth. Barrett and McIntosh studied this in their work â€Å"The Anti-social family†. They developed the concept of familialism, the ideology that the family is a small, isolated, conjugal unit where the husband is the breadwinner, the wife a domestic goddess and the children as happy, smiley and well behaved. What advertisers term â€Å"the cornflake family† has been put upon a pedestal and advocated as the normal and proper way to live. Barrett and McIntosh argued that this could make the family a prison in that any member who does not â€Å"fit in† will be repressed, and that individual can in turn become psychologically damaged. Likewise, families who do not fit this ideology are seen as deviant and troublesome. Feminism tends to oppose the view of the family as a haven, choosing instead to see the family as a prison. The family is where women are oppressed and repressed. Within the family the woman is seen primarily as the housewife and mother, and in this environment men are given the control over women's sexuality and fertility. Within the family, gender roles are taught at a very young age and this spills out into society as a whole, reinforcing gender inequalities. According to feminists, the family is where women are placed under the threat of physical and mental abuse. Anne Oakley conducted a study, The Housewife and Housework. She views the family as a prison because of the nature of housework and its lack of status. Housework is monotonous, repetitive and relentless. It's a job that goes un-rewarded, unpaid, unseen and unappreciated. Men are able to escape this routine, and children are able to escape also. Domestic labour is seen throughout society as the feminine role. Leonard looks more at the ideology of the family and how women are socialised to accept their role. Women's magazines and television programmes are all geared towards romance and domestic issues like cooking. Leonard argues that the family is a prison and completely unequal in that the husband offers the minimum level of support to his wife and children whilst she provides a lifetime of unpaid housework, years of child rearing and exclusive sexual services. Marriage therefore does not turn out anything like the romance promoted by the media. Feminism has helped highlight many issues facing women within society, but perhaps one of the biggest issues feminists have highlighted is that domestic abuse and violence. This puts more emphasis on the family being a prison because those people living within this environment are far from the safety of a haven. There has been much difficulty in researching this because many women are too afraid to speak out. In conclusion, to a large extent, functionalists view the family as a haven because it provides stabilisation of adult personalities in order to cope with day-to-day life. However, if a family is dysfunctional then this can make the family a prison. Marxists do not see why the family should be seen as a haven, but agrees that the family is a panacea from a capitalist society, and at best a challenge to capitalism. Feminists on the other hand do not view the family as a haven in any way. They see the family as a place in which there are inequalities that cause the oppression of women. Indeed the family is also an environment that can be far from safe, where women, and children are at risk from abuse. Sociologists do recognise that families do vary and what may be seen as a haven by some may be far from the reality for others.

International Law Essay

International law refers to an agreement signed between nation-states binding them to conform to well structured principles and acceptable standards. It primarily concerns relations between nations on specific legal fields such as treaty, humanitarian and criminal laws rather than on issues of individual citizens. The formation of international law came about due to view by legal activists that consented signing of defined principles by sovereign states could limit their power to interfere with other nations internal affairs. This led to the finding of the international criminal court in early 20th century to safeguard states sovereignty and respect for human rights. The international law is based on the customary law, treaty law and other naturally acceptable cords of conducts. To enforce these laws, there exist many international organizations. The United Nations has been charged with the duty to keep and maintain peace and security. This is because since its formation in 1945, its charter has been adhered to by many nations and even the remaining few nations agree with the principles that form it. This makes UN the most influential enforcer of international law. It works towards developing and maintaining friendly relations between states and overseeing the harmonious resolution of conflicts among states. To achieve this, the UN has many departments each charged with a particular function. The international criminal court is one of its mechanisms of dealing with interstate and humanitarian matters (http://www. ohchr. org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/InternationalLaw. spx). The establishment of UN general assembly was made to undertake study and recommend on ways of progressively developing and safeguarding the international law. To uphold human rights, methods like sending peace keeping troops and initiating peace negotiations have been employed. Guaranteed human peace and harmonious inter-states existence is the best gift this world needs. This shows the importance of these enforcing bodies of the international law and there affiliates.

Looking Below the Surface of Hamlet Essay - 2522 Words

The mystery of Shakespeare’s Hamlet is a phantom that has haunted students throughout the centuries. Hamlet is a complete enigma; a puzzle students have tried to piece together since his introduction into the school curriculum. Throughout the course of Hamlet, the student is constantly striving to rationalize Hamlet’s odd behavior, through the play’s written text. In doing so, many students mistakenly draw their conclusions based on the surface content of Hamlet’s statements and actions. When drawing into question Hamlet’s actions as well as his reasons for acting, many assume that Hamlet himself is fully aware of his own motives. This assumption in itself produces the very matter in question. Take for example Hamlet’s†¦show more content†¦The key to understanding Hamlet lies in the realization of the unconscious energy that provokes him to action and inaction. By channeling into Hamlet’s unconscious, providing both Freudian and Jungian psychoanalytical perspectives, Hamlet’s true unconscious motivation will be uncovered, and the mystery of Hamlet will be silenced. The term consciousness refers to one’s awareness of internal and external stimuli. The unconscious contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior.(Weiten) Jung and Freud agree upon the existence of the unconscious, but their perspectives are vastly different. The core of the Freudian perspective is centered around Hamlet’s relationship with his mother, and the aforementioned example concerning Hamlet and King Claudius. According to the Freudian view, Hamlet is driven by unconscious sexual desire and aggravation. This sexual aggression is directed towards his mother and Claudius. 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